Una mirada sobre la educación superior mexicana: instituciones, saberes y mercado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16993/ibero.39Abstract
Después de un largo proceso en el que reivindicó su protagonismo en materia de educación, el Estado mexicano llegó a afianzar su papel educador en el nivel superior, en realidad consolidado a raíz de la revolución de 1910. No obstante, ante el crecimiento de la demanda educativa a partir de los años setenta y de la crisis económica de la década de los ochenta, recurrió al mercado quedándose con la rectoría del sistema de educación. La consiguiente extensión del sector privado de nivel superior, que creció más rápido que las universidades públicas, llevó sin embargo a una mayor estratificación de los establecimientos y el acceso a ellos se tornó desigual. Así, las élites se desplazaron del sector público hacia las instituciones privadas de prestigio. El auge de la educación superior particular condujo también a la mercantilización y a la desvalorización de los saberes mientras perduró la tradicional orientación a la enseñanza profesional (como consecuencia, la creciente investigación se quedó casi exclusivamente en el ámbito público). En conclusión, la irrupción de la competencia en el nivel superior no mejoró la calidad de la educación sino que contribuyó a la constitución de un sector educativo precario mediocre que ni siquiera garantiza una segura inserción laboral.
English:
Following a long struggle to establish its authority over education, the Mexican government finally managed to take control of higher education in the aftermath of the 1910 revolution. However, faced with a growing demand for education since the 1970s and an economic crisis in the 1980s, it had no alternative but to turn to the market, retaining only its normative function in the process. The rapid expansion of private institutions, fast outnumbering public universities, has led to a much more pronounced stratification of higher education schools and made access unequal. One consequence is that the elite have shifted from public to prestigious private institutions. Another is that the rise of the private higher education sector has turned knowledge, still business-oriented, into a commodity and lessened its value (leaving as a result the increasing research activities almost exclusively to public universities). In the end, the emergence of competition among institutions has failed to improve the quality of higher education and contributed instead to the creation of a mediocre precarious education sector which does not even guarantee long-term employability.
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