Mobilisation against International Human Rights: Re-domesticating the Dominican Citizenship Regime
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16993/ibero.11Abstract
El artículo analiza la movilización doméstica en contra de la implementación de los derechos humanos internacionales en el ámbito del régimen de la nacionalidad en la República Dominicana. Mientras que los promotores de derechos humanos ganaron todas las batallas legales en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, los grupos que movilizaron en contra de los derechos humanos en la República Dominicana movilizaron más eficientemente a nivel doméstico, y ganaron la guerra en las instituciones dominicanas. El artículo demuestra que la movilización en contra de los derechos humanos fue una respuesta consciente a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y el caso de Yean y Bosico. La movilización unió a todos los actores políticos dominantes en el Congreso y en las cortes en acciones legales y políticas para redefinir y re-domesticar el control sobre el régimen de nacionalidad dominicano en base de una definición más restrictiva del ius soli. Esta movilización culminó con la salida de la República Dominicana de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en 2014. El caso dominicano demuestra que una reacción negativa ("backlash") a derechos humanos puede demostrarse inicialmente de maneras muy sutiles y que para mejorar el cumplimiento a derechos humanos internacionales es imprescindible movilizar no sólo a nivel internacional sino también dentro de las instituciones domésticas.
English:
This article traces and analyses the domestic mobilisation against the implementation of international human rights with respect to the citizenship regime in the Dominican Republic. Whereas the human rights promoters won every legal battle on the right to citizenship in the Inter-American System of Human Rights, groups mobilising against human rights, the pro-violation constituency, were more effective domestically and won the war in all domestic institutions. As a response to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Yean and Bosico case, all dominant political actors mobilised successfully in Congress and the courts to redefine, and re-domesticate, the citizenship regime in several steps that restricted the ius soli based right to citizenship. This process, or battle for control over the definition of the citizenship regime, ended in the Dominican exit of the IACtHR in 2014. The case demonstrate that backlashes to international human rights may come in many subtle forms, and that to enhance compliance to international human rights it is essential to accompany international litigation with mobilisation in domestic institutions.
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